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D. knowing others better than we know ourselves, In what type of culture would a threat to our personal identity (such as having someone tell us we are dumb or weird) cause us to be more upset than a threat to our collective identity (such as having someone ridicule students)? B. the corpus collosum A. about the same The belief that others are paying more attention to one's appearance and behavior than they actually are is referred to as the ________ effect. Definition. She then goes ahead and orders a deluxe chocolate milkshake. It is the tendency to be unduly optimistic than pessimistic about future life events. Consider a person betting on coin tosses, and the previous five outcomes were all Heads. D. genetics, The truth concerning self-efficacy encourages us not to resign ourselves to bad situations. D. slightly, Researchers reported a _______ correlation between persistence and self-efficacy. What is an example of impact bias? B. self-handicapping Suppose that Greg and Marsha both apply for a prestigious scholarship program, and both get rejected. Suppose that you meet an old man named Al. illusory correlation. Deindividuation involves loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in a group situation that fosters arousal and anonymity. B. collectivistic D. an external locus of control, High school students who finished near the top of their class are more likely to experience a threat to their academic self-esteem if they attend a: A. failure and distance ourselves from success C. large, selective university B. self-monitoring D)Failing your first social psychology exam. B. looking-glass self Attribution theory is MOST concerned with, The paradoxical effects of thought suppression have been linked to psychological disorders such as. C. self-schema A. compare ourselves to close friends Please sign in to share these flashcards. Introducing Cram Folders! B. terror management theory C. attempting to present a favorable image to an external audience. ", Dr. Canne wants to encourage Kirk to lose weight. A. strong persuasion C. the tendency to see our talents and moral behaviors as relatively unusual C. internal locus of control Jules hated the book, and seems to feel that the reviewer also hated it. She rarely claims that she is unable to complete an assignment and is academically successful. Whenever Yael thinks about bad things happening to her ex-boyfriend, she gets "creeped out;" she feels like she will actually make bad things happen to him just by thinking about it. A. lifes satisfaction Social psychology is interested in how the group affects the individual and vice-versa. The false uniqueness effect occurs when. C. the tendency to see our talents and moral behaviors as relatively unusual This study explored the cultural differences in the false consensus effect (FCE) between Koreans and European Americans. T/F The self-serving bias refers to people's tendency to think that others are more similar to them than they really are when it comes to their faults and weaknesses. Your mind races to determine whether to make an internal attribution ("Is this guy just crazy?") D. no different about their speech, B. better about their speech and appearance, Which of the following is FALSE? A. B. denying Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Normative social influence is to seeking _____ as informational social influence is to seeking _____. (2010) found that Facebook users were _____ accurate in guessing when they agreed with their friends on political issues and _____ accurate in guessing disagreement. C. self-efficacy B. better about their speech and appearance C. the people who know you can probably predict your behaviors better than you However, the economic system of most of the world's nations are a combination of the ___ system and the ___ system Central planning, price The three . B. weak Research shows that they tend to be more influenced by. She is convinced that everyone knows it was her. -interrupt the experimenter to get instructions. Research indicates that __________ engage in counterfactual thinking; and that __________ engage in meta-cognition. Which of the following is NOT an explanation for the fundamental attribution error? A. hoped-for self In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, many people were stranded without access to food, shelter, or other resources. C. individualists make comparisons with others to boost their self-esteem Before the rise of social cognition, the field of social psychology was dominated by, When people make internal, stable attributions for others' successes or failures, these attributions tend to concern questions of, When people want to suppress a thought, the automatic mind works to. This is an example of a. self-affimation b. social learning theory C. operant conditioning assortative mating o boon- 13. C. rewards and distance ourselves from punishment C. everyone does it! False Uniqueness Effect: The tendency to underestimate the commonality of one's abilities and one's desirable or successful behaviors: Group-Serving Bias: Explaining away outgroup members' positive behaviors; also attributing negative behaviors to their dispositions (while excusing such behavior by one's own group . Internal attribution involves explaining behavior in term of a person's personal characteristics, whereas external attribution involves explaining behavior in terms of a person's situation/circumstances. A. strong C. attempting to present a favorable image to an external audience people who share A. personality B. negative C. self-worth Why does a manager need to evaluate the solution and look for problems after a solution has been implemented? How does the status of group members impact conformity? Describe the major characteristics of the garage coverage form. D. the tendency to see oneself as superior to others. A. the anticipation of problems to motive effective action. D. headlight effect, Greenberg (2008) argues that, to manage their fear of death and feel that their lives are not in vain, people seek to pursue self-esteem by meeting the standards of their society. B. Economics chapter 2 section 1 assessment quizlet 2 The. counterfactual thinking. A. self-interest colors our social judgment. How does the "low-ball" compliance technique work? B. small, non-competitive university According to Harold Kelley's attribution theory, people are MOST likely to make internal attributions for others' behaviors when. B. disparaging oneself (false modesty) to elicit reassurance -After ordering a cheeseburger for lunch, Dorothy thinks to herself, "well, my diet is already blown for the day; I might as well order a dessert too." B. self-efficacy Population. D. explicit, An example of how social comparisons can actually breed misery, rather than satisfaction, is when we; A. no different from those with low self-esteem A. the anticipation of problems to motive effective action A. positively The overestimation could be explained in terms of, Social cognition refers to a movement within social psychology that focuses on. C. moderately D. social comparison, Your best friend earned a grade of F on her latest physics exam, and believes it was because the professor wrote a very difficult exam. How does the just-world-hypothesis explain fundamental attribution error? A. B. social surroundings affect our self-awareness. C. self-efficacy how individuals think about social relationships and about other people. So when a task is ambiguous or difficult and people want to be correct, they look to others for information. Individuals tend to think that their attributes and traits are more uncommon and rare than they actually are. the tendency to underestimate the extent to which others possess the same beliefs and attributes as oneself or engage in the same behaviors, particularly when these characteristics or behaviors are positive or socially desirable. Correct Answer: Access For Free. (2010) found that U.S. college students' most common score on a self-esteem measure was: C. the maximum value on the questionnaire, Our sense of self is often influenced by how we imagine important people in our lives perceive us. consistency is perceived to be high, but consensus and distinctiveness are perceived to be low. A. liberal C. more positively The opposite of a cognitive miser would be someone who. -overestimate the degree to which others share their attitudes and opinions. C. possible selves The actor-observer bias refers to a tendency to attribute one's own actions to external causes, while attributing other people's behaviors to internal causes. After the winning touchdown was scored he said "This has made my month and nothing is going to bring me down from this!" The fact that we usually attribute more responsibility to our partners than to ourselves when problems arise in a relationship is an example of how: C. positive self-esteem. D. undecided, John is about to become a father. Suppose that a coin is flipped 20 times. the tendency to underestimate the commonality of one's abilities and one's desirable or successful behaviors. A. it helps protect us from depression Josh wishes to be passionately loved, rich, and muscular. To Mr. Yipol's astonishment, though, the students actually perform worse this time. D. emotions, Which of the following is false? D. large, non-competitive university, You attend a self-help discussion group, where the leader is encouraging people to think of themselves as the writers, directors, and actors of their own lives. D. commit less vandalism, In comparison to young people in the 1960s and 1970s, how do young people in the United States today view themselves? One's _____ makes up his/her _____. A. underestimate Who will make the best prediction of how long her new relationship will last? D. it helps to buffer stress, B. it makes us feel less vulnerable to risks such as AIDS, Saying "I earned an A on my psychology test" versus "My instructor gave me a C on my psychology test" exemplifies how we associate ourselves with: B. terror management theory For example: Thinking that other people share your opinion on controversial topics; Overestimating the number of people who are similar to you; The tendency for people to overestimate the link between variables that are related only slightly or not at all is known as the conjunction fallacy. Narcissists value: Which of the following is true? ", In theory, it would be possible for a child to have a script of. Once he feels like he knows that, he goes on. carefully and rationally thinks about each and every decision. One of your professors has apparently just lost his job. C. jill's roommate False; State True or False: ANCOVA is often used to test the null hypothesis of no intervention effect in the context of an impact evaluation using pretest-post test control-group design with a continuous dependent variable. Carmen's underestimation of how long it would take her to complete her paper is an example of: a person thinks they are overly special for being talented or performing a . Given the research on cognitive errors and biases, it can be concluded that. what is involved in going to a restaurant. C. narcissists are more outgoing than those high in self-esteem In informal surveys, people always overestimate the number of lesbians who have AIDS. Attributing failures to dispositional causes rather than situational causeswhich are unchangeable and uncontrollablesatisfies our need to believe that the world is fair and that we have control over our lives. B. low self-esteem D. Most psychology research has taken cultural differences into consideration. D. zero, Self-monitoring is: This common misconception stems most directly from, People who think they have a hot hand after winning five poker hands in a row tend to think that. . A. high; high A. hoped-for possible self What phenomenon is MOST likely to be responsible for this? D. self-efficacy, According to the self-serving bias, we tend to attribute our successes to ______ and our losses to _______. One of his disciples makes an internal attribution for the fall. Halfway through the second day Carmen was devastated; she wasn't even halfway done yet! These two types of fathers represent John's: -people's general reluctance to do much extra thinking. D. individualism, Doug explained his "A" in biology as being the result of hard work and intelligence. The covariation principle was proposed by Harold Kelley. A. independent self Research indicates that people are especially likely to engage in the false consensus effect when it comes to __________, and especially likely to engage in the false uniqueness effect when it comes to __________. That is, one of the things you ask about is. A. self-interest colors our social judgment. B. conservative B. the duration When researchers survey men and women about the number of sex partners they have had, they tend to find that men report far more partners than womenwhich would seem to be logically impossible. Montana has a great handfour aceswhile Sarah's hand is just averagea 2 of hearts, a 3 of spades, a 5 of spades, and a 7 of clubs. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. Research on __________ is concerned with the explanations that people come up with to account for everyday events. Three-year-old children tend to think that the Stroop test is really easy, as compared to 6-year-old children, 12-year-old children, or adults. Halfway through the second day Carmen was devastated; she wasn't even halfway done yet! When you go to a restaurant, you know that there is a certain sequence of things that you need to do: (a) wait to be seated, (b) order, (c) eat, and then (d) pay. Even though the statistical probability of both hands is the same, many people (incorrectly) assume that Montana's exact hand is rarer than Sarah's exact hand. The only difference is whom it comes from. It can also skew the way we predict how people make decisions or judge a certain situation. A. planning fallacy It is sometimes argued that excess cash held by a firm can aggravate agency problems (as discussed before) and, more generally, reduce incentives for shareholder wealth maximization. She figured it would only take two days to write the paper so she did not start it until two days before it was due. Thus, people tend to think that they see a lesbian-AIDS relationship when in fact there is no such relationship. D. the competitor as advantaged in comparison to us, D. the competitor as advantaged in comparison to us, Political liberals tend to be economic _______ and moral _______. I would have gotten an A+ too. B. they quit working in class because they feel so bad Add to folder Is the last flip more likely to be heads, more likely to be tails, or equally likely to be heads or tails? Counterregulation occurs when people indulge in a behavior they are trying to regulate after an initial regulation failure. Giving priority to one's own goals over group goals, and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications is the definition of: A. self-schemas After answering all the other questions, he goes back to 31 and starts to believe that perhaps C was the right answer. Which of the following is the best example of ironic processing interfering with attempted thought suppression? Attribution is the process by which people explain their own behavior and the behavior of others. or an external attribution ("Did I say something to provoke him?"). If you ask Raquel about her stocks, she makes self-serving attributions; she says: "I was very clever to invest in that first company, but I just had bad luck losing so much money with the other one." D. the tendency to see oneself as superior to others. Credit Solution Experts Incorporated offers quality business credit building services, which includes an easy step-by-step system designed for helping clients build their business credit effortlessly. Because most people are cognitive misers, they tend to __________ as little as possible. D. eventual self, According to Schwartz (2000; 2004), individualistic modern cultures have "an excess of freedom," which is positively correlated with: According to the attribution theorist Harold Kelley, people make attributions for others' behaviors -according to the covariation principle. C. high Recently, Krueger and Clement (1997; see also Krueger, 1998) argued that the simple assumption that all respondents believe they are in the majority, regardless of true major-ity status, can account for both the false consensus effect and the uniqueness bias. Chloe dyes her hair blue and goes to school. B. the false consensus effect. A)Lying to a friend to avoid embarrassment. B. collectivistic Your general understanding of what a tropical island is all about is MOST clearly an example of, Harold Kelley's attribution theory is sometimes called, The state of having too much information to make a decision or remain informed about a topic is known as, According to the false consensus effect, most people. What differentiates a narcissist from someone high in self-esteem quizlet? She rarely claims that she is unable to complete an assignment and is academically successful. It seems counterintuitive after all, people are usually better at d First, the given words prime thoughts of elderly, which in turn prime an elderly-related behaviour, walking slowly. B. external Ingrid is highly educated, nerdy, and outspoken. A. self-role FALSE- UNIQUENESS EFFECT: "Some individuals with an inflated ego would 'suffer' from the false uniqueness effect . C. progressives; traditionalists Similarly, instead of seeing two dogs, such people might see "a small tan animal with fur and a large brown object with its tongue hanging out." Paul commutes to and from work each day. The essay was always about Castro, but it was either pro-Castro or anti-Castro. A. individual achievement. the false uniqueness effect. Positives and Negatives of the Self-Serving Bias The False Uniqueness Effect suggests that we are not so accurate after all. -people rely on irrational thinking the vast majority of the time, but are still capable of engaging in careful, conscious thought when they need to make important decisions. bt sport motogp commentators 2021. Encouraging people to rely more on their memories. What differentiates a narcissist from someone high in self-esteem? B. experience great difficulty C. Keith who lives in Oregon C. low; high A. you are the best predictor of your behaviors B. an interdependent-self This misconception seems to arise from __________, since plane crash fatalities tend to be widely publicized and are therefore relatively easy for people to bring to mind. Recall the "Castro study" conducted by Jones and Harris. A. failing to appreciate B. feared self Elenita is from a relatively sheltered background. Most psychology research has used middle-class White American respondents. A. self-concept Which of the following kinds of thinking can help explain the first instinct fallacy? C. everyday hassles Add images, definitions, examples, synonyms, theories, and customize your content to . In pronouncement of 18, the fallacy in this statement has too many questions. the difference between automatic and controlled thinking. Fritz Heider analyzed what he called "common sense psychology"the ways in which people explain everyday events. D. submission, Practice that forms new habits, albeit slowly, tends to change what type of attitudes? A. rare stressors, such as a family crisis D. either excel or fail, depending on the situation. )names which are in all cases written in "non-matching" colors of ink (e.g., the word "green" might be written in red ink, while the word "red" might be written in yellow ink)and to identify, as quickly as possible, the color in which each word is written. However . This is an example of what social psychology phenomenon? Now of days, more and more car purchasers are being deceived by attempting of purchasing a used car online, As stated the study indicates that negatively valenced words are primed faster than positively valenced words. Curse of knowledge: When those who are experts in their field tend to talk above people around them on that topic. A. protecting one's self-image by creating an excuse for later failure. Wing Tung is using ____ to improve his thinking. D. the self-serving bias, The habit of using how we imagine another person perceiving us, as a mirror for perceiving ourselves, is referred to as: A. high self-esteem In an observational study, statisticians impose a treatment on the subjects. Two studies adopted a traditional false consensus paradigm and investigated the relative magnitude of the FCE between the two cultures in three different categories of personal choices (Study 1) and behavioral choices involving hypothetical conflict situations (Study 2). False Uniqueness Effect. People tend to want to explore MOST issues thoroughly before making decisions. the tendency. He explained his "D" in chemistry as being the result of "bad teaching." comprises his or her: If you have a schema about graduate students, then. Under the gamblers fallacy, the person would think that the next ou Purchasing New Cars come with a better Outcome What is the false uniqueness effect quizlet? D. individualism, Baumeister (2003) reported that people who engaged in sexual activity at an early age, teen gang leaders, terrorists, and men in prison for committing violent crimes tend to possess: Fifth, false consensus is in line with a Bayesian analysis that assumes a uniform prior distribution and one's own view as the only evidence (Dawes & Mulford, 1996). the distinction between automatic thinking and controlled thinking. The group leader is hoping people will adopt a(n) _______ locus of control. C. the right hemisphere the tendency. people who share one's most prized. A. collective narcissism According to Harold Kelley's attribution theory, in determining what type of attribution to make for this event, one of the questions you are likely to ask yourself is: "Has Gus ever given me a 'bad check' before?" What concept did Milgram's Electric Shock study test? At the end of each paragraph, he stops and asks himself what the paragraph was about. D. impact bias, According to Myers' discussion on social comparison, people typically _______ the standards by which they evaluate their own attainments when they experience a(n) _______ in affluence, status, or achievement. The tendency for people take credit for their successes but deny blame for their failures is known as. D. internal locus of control; self-concept, In the U.S., those living in Hawaii and the deep South exhibit more _______ than those living in the Mountain West states. In conversation, she finds out that he is a collector of rare books. -People use themselves as an "anchor" when judging others. mate, we observe the false consensus effect. She makes $2000 from one of these investments, but loses $3000 on the other one. B. no different from those that have only high self-esteem Juanita answers, "I am friendly, a student, and very religious." This is very shocking to you. He also drives a Ferrari and a Lamborghini, and only stays at top-tier hotels like the Ritz Carlton and the Four Seasons. B. self-monitoring the illusory correlation. He explained his "D" in chemistry as being the result of "bad teaching." to underestimate the number of other. D. more aggressive, When asked "Who are you?" is the tendency to underestimate the extent others actually possess the same attributes or talents and positive traits as yourself. to underestimate the number of other. D. an external locus of control, When you give a presentation in class and feel extremely nervous you will tend to B. These findings are consistent with a motivational interpretation that emphasizes the individual's need to justify or normalize stigmatized behavior and to bolster perceived self-competence. The first instinct fallacy refers to the false belief that it is better not to change one's first answer even if one starts to think that a different answer is correct. she makes an internal attribution for the $2000 earning, but an external attribution for the $3000 loss. Explain Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory. . D. no one is, You overhear a neighbor say that she believes gay marriage should be illegal and she favors tax cuts for the wealthy. If we persist despite initial failures: D. neither individual achievement nor relationships. C. self-centered Put Quizlet study sets to work when you prepare for tests in False Uniqueness Effect and other concepts today. C. the tendency to see our talents and moral behaviors as relatively unusual, Greenberg (2008) argues that, to manage their fear of death and feel that their lives are not in vain, people seek to pursue self-esteem by meeting the standards of their society. This is an example of: B. low self-control Vocab Level E Unit 5 - Flashcards Get access to high-quality and unique 50 000 college essay examples and more than 100 000 flashcards and test answers from around the world!. Which of the following is most likely to trigger a false uniqueness effect in your thinking? C. self-concerns motivate our social behavior. A. internal In that class, the teacher works with students to help them identify the criteria they use to make decisions, and points out how some of the criteria might not produce the desired outcomes. A. more nervous while speaking -consistency, consensus, and distinctiveness. C. self-centered This is a good example of: People who have severe brain damage sometimes approach objects in the world as if they are seeing them for the first time. D. Jill who lives in Malaysia. D. remains constant. the false uniqueness effect. What the researchers found was that fans of the two teams literally "saw" different games; things that were deemed "out" by fans of one team, for example, were deemed "in" by fans of the other. Andrew's belief demonstrates: Images of what we dream of or dread becoming in the future are called our: According to the self-serving bias, we tend to attribute our successes to _______ and our losses to _______. D. popular song lyrics today are more likely to use "we" and "us" than 20 years ago, D. popular song lyrics today are more likely to use "we" and "us" than 20 years ago, Persons from western cultures (e.g., America, England), relative to persons from eastern cultures (e.g., China, Korea), tend to: B. narcissists lack an interest in others The bystander effect is a social psychological phenomenon that refers to cases in which individuals do not offer any means of help to a victim when other people are present. The Astroten study demonstrated the difference between what we think we will do and what we actually do in a given situation. Some income from capital is taxed twice. B. we are more vulnerable to depression Identify the major coverages in the business auto coverage form. False consensus effect: When we overestimate how much other people share our perspective or preferences. C. ignore our strengths and focus on their strengths B. conservative While it might well be the case that the reading program actually negatively impacted the students' reading ability, Mr. Yipol would be wise to consider that the decrease could be due to __________. false-uniqueness effect. C. the self-serving bias. B. social comparison D. low, Carmen was assigned a term paper at the start of her Social Psychology class. Find out how you can intelligently organize your Flashcards. The more Hilder thinks about the fact that she cannot eat such foods, however, the more desperately she begins to crave them. B. rage For example, if I enjoy eating chocolate ice cream cones, I will tend to . B. Angela who lives in Alabama B. the unrealistic optimism about future life events. C. perform moderately well B. collectivists; individualists A. failure and distance ourselves from success. C. fear What is the difference between internal attribution and external attribution? In making this statement, your friend was most likely guided by. . A. excel. Barbara was really shocked when her candidate was not elected.